Energy use and environmental degradation in Europe: evidence from panel nonlinear ARDL

This study examines the nonlinear effect of energy use including coal, gas, oil, and electricity on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Annual panel data twenty-one countries i.e. Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Netherland, Norway, Spain, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine from 1990 to 2018 is used, while ARDL methodology applied for examining long short run association. Findings showed that an increase electricity, oil usage carbon dioxide emissions, a reduction reduce run. Results (NARDL) model prove existence asymmetric impact Bidirectional causality exits among positive partial sum gas as well component Pollution needs be controlled by using new efficient technologies making research development centers more productive, renewable resources should promoted replacing traditional emissions. ENERGY STAR strategy can used improve performance commercial buildings industrial plants government has formulate policies production which are environment friendly.